Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes usually starts in children or young adults. It happens when the body cannot make insulin, which is needed to control blood sugar levels.

People with type 1 diabetes need insulin every day to stay well.It is not caused by lifestyle and cannot be prevented.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes. It usually develops in adults, but it can happen at any age. It happens when the body does not use insulin properly, or does not make enough of it. Blood sugar levels slowly rise over time.

Type 2 diabetes is often linked to carrying extra weight, moving less, family history, and getting older.

Pre-diabetes means your blood sugar is higher than normal, but not high enough yet for type 2 diabetes.

You may not feel any different, but pre-diabetes means you are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes in the future.

The good news is that small changes now can help lower your risk and get your blood sugar back to normal.

You may be more at risk of type 2 diabetes if you:

• Carry extra weight
• Move less
• Have a family history of diabetes
• Are over 40 (or over 25 in some ethnic groups)
• Had diabetes in pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
• Have high blood pressure

Symptoms for both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Some people have no symptoms. Others may notice:

• Feeling very thirsty
• Going to the toilet more often
• Feeling very tired
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing cuts or infections

Speak to your GP practice if you notice symptoms that do not go away.

You can follow the advice to both manage symptoms of diabetes as well as reduce your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

You do not have to change everything at once. Small changes, done most days, can make a real difference.

Eat regular meals

Try not to skip meals. Regular meals help keep blood sugar levels steadier. Including fibre (wholegrains, beans, fruit and vegetables) can help you feel fuller for longer.

Cut back on sugary foods and drinks

Sugary drinks, sweets and snacks can raise blood sugar quickly. Swapping to water or low-sugar options can help.

Move your body more

Movement helps your body use sugar better. Walking, housework, gardening or playing with children all count. Short bursts are fine.

Aim for a healthy weight

Even a small amount of weight loss can help lower blood sugar levels and improve health.

Drink less alcohol

Alcohol contains a lot of hidden sugar and calories. Cutting back or having alcohol-free days can help.

Stop smoking

Smoking increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and makes complications more likely. Support is available to help you stop.

Take medicines if prescribed

Some people need tablets or insulin. Taking them as advised helps keep blood sugar under control. If you have problems or side effects, speak to your GP practice.

Go for regular checks

Health checks help spot problems early and keep you well.

Speak to your GP practice if:

• You are worried about diabetes

• You have symptoms

• You’ve been told your blood sugar is high

• You want support with lifestyle changes

Many people live full, active lives with diabetes.

Support may include:

• Lifestyle advice

• Tablets or insulin

• Regular health checks

There is a helpful free resource called Healthy You with tips and advice to prevent type 2 diabetes: https://healthieryou.reedwellbeing.com