What is gallbladder cancer?
Gallbladder cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small organ under your liver (on the right side of your tummy). It stores bile, which helps your body digest food.
Cancer happens when abnormal cells start to grow and divide in an uncontrolled way. Gallbladder cancer can begin in the lining of the gallbladder and if it grows, it can spread into nearby areas such as the liver or the bile ducts.
Gallbladder cancer is uncommon and is sometimes found when someone is being tested or treated for another gallbladder problem, such as gallstones.
Gallbladder cancer usually develops because of a mix of things over time. Having a risk factor does not mean someone will get cancer.
Things that can increase risk include:
- Older age
- Being female
- Family history (a close relative with gallbladder cancer)
- Gallstones or long-term inflammation of the gallbladder
- Gallbladder polyps (small growths)
- Some bile duct conditions
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Overweight and obesity
Having one or more risk factors does not mean someone will develop cancer.
Lowering your risk over time
You can’t always prevent gallbladder cancer, but healthy changes may lower risk: aiming for a healthy weight, stopping smoking, and keeping alcohol within safer limits.
You don’t need to panic, just notice what’s normal for you. Here are some things to look out for:
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A change in how often you poo such as, going more often, less often, or feeling different for a few weeks
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Poo that looks different for example, looser, harder, thinner, or not what’s usual for you
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Blood in your poo or on the toilet paper
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Feeling like you haven’t finished even after going to the toilet
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Tummy pain or bloating that doesn’t go away
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Feeling very tired, more than usual, for no clear reason
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Losing weight without trying
When to get advice
Speak to your GP practice if you have ongoing tummy pain (often on the right), feeling sick, a swollen tummy, jaundice, or unexplained weight loss.
Tests and next steps for gallbladder cancer - NHS
For more information you can visit any of the links below.
- Gallbladder cancer | Cancer Research UK
- Gallbladder cancer - get trusted information and support | Macmillan Cancer Support
link to overweight, smoking, alcohol, healthy weight
Last reviewed: January 2026
